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2023\u5e745\u67083\u65e5\u4fee\u8a02<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1       \u53e3\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5275\u9020<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u733f\u985e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5206\u5225<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5275\u9020<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u65e5\u4f7f\u7528\u53e3\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u53e3\u8a9e\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5275\u9020<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u81f3\u70ba\u6df1\u9060\uff1b\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u53e3\u8a9e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u50cf\u733f\u7334\u822c\uff0c\u5728\u6a39\u53e2\u9593\u5c0b\u8993\u679c\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Geoffrey Sampson, Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction<\/em> (London: Hutchinson, 1985), p.17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2  \u53e3\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5206\u6790\u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u7ac5\u9580<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u57161.1  \u8a9e\u7d20\u6709\u97f3\u548c\u7fa9\u5169\u9762<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u57161.2  \u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u5716<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u7d20\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u97f3\u7fa9\u7d50\u5408\u9ad4<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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x\u012bngq\u012bti\u0101n\u2018\u661f\u671f\u5929\u2019\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u7d30\u5206\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6703\u628a\u5b83\u5206\u6790\u6210 x\u012bngq\u012b\u548c ti\u0101n\u5169\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c{\u661f\u671f} \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u8a9e\u7fa9\u662f\u2018\u9031\u2019\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7d30\u5206\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c{\u661f} \u548c {\u671f} \u5176\u5be6\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c{\u661f} \u662f\u65e5\u6708\u661f\u8fb0\u7684\u661f\uff0c{\u671f} \u662f\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u671f\uff0c{\u661f\u671f} \u6307\u661f\u8fb0\u904b\u8f49\u7684\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 {\u661f} \u548c {\u671f} \u662f\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u7e3d\u7d50\u4e0a\u6587\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u666e\u901a\u8a71 w\u01d2x\u012bngq\u012bti\u0101ny\u00e0osh\u00e0ngb\u0101n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u88681.2  \u4e00\u53e5\u666e\u901a\u8a71\u7684\u5206\u6790(\u4e8c)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\u90e8\u5206<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8a9e\u97f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u97f3\u7bc0 (syllable)\u3002\u8a9e\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u55ae\u97f3\u7bc0\u3001\u96d9\u97f3\u7bc0\u6216\u591a\u97f3\u7bc0\uff0c\u800c\u97f3\u7bc0\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u7d30\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u97f3\u7d20 (phoneme)\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u88681.3  \u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u8b80\u97f3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

{\u6211}    \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u5df2\u5206\u6790\u904e\u3002{\u5f77\u5f7f} \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u7d30\u5206\u6210 {\u5f77} + {\u5f7f}\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u5169\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 {\u5f77\u5f7f} \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96d9\u97f3\u7bc0\u8a9e\u7d20\u3002{\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766} \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u7d30\u5206\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u9806\u5e36\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c{\u5f77\u5f7f} \u548c {\u661f\u671f} \u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c{\u5f77\u5f7f} \u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u800c {\u661f\u671f} \u5247\u662f\u5169\u500b\u7dca\u5bc6\u9023\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u90e8\u5206<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8005\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4ee5\u7c21\u99ad\u7e41\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u5f9e\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u642d\u914d\u6216\u4e0a\u6587\u4e0b\u7406\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u4ee5\u8a9e\u7d20 {\u5929} \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5929\u5730\u3001\u5929\u6027\u3001\u767d\u5929\u3001\u5929\u6c23\u3001\u6625\u5929\u3001\u661f\u671f\u5929\u3002\u9019\u516d\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684 {\u5929}\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u90fd\u6709\u9ede\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8a9e\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u9577\u6642\u9593\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u6f14\u8b8a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u7fa9\u5916\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9084\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u884d\u751f\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u95dc\u9023\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u7fa9\u548c\u97f3<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u88681.4  \u6a21\u64ec\u9d28\u5b50\u53eb\u8072\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u64ec\u8072\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u9ede\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a(1) \u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u4f54\u6574\u9ad4\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff1b(2) \u5176\u8a9e\u97f3\u5fc5\u9808\u7b26\u5408\u8a72\u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b(3) \u5176\u97f3\u548c\u7fa9\u53ea\u6709\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8ddf\u6240\u6a21\u64ec\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u8072\u97f3\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u97f3\u548c\u7fa9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e5f\u662f\u7d04\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u7d20\u4e2d\u97f3\u548c\u7fa9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u7d04\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4e0d\u65b7\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u628a\u97f3\u548c\u7fa9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7dca\u5bc6\u9023\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u719f\u7fd2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u807d\u5230\u67d0\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u660e\u767d\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\uff1b\u4e00\u60f3\u5230\u8981\u8868\u9054\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u60f3\u8d77\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u6642\u8aaa\u51fa\u5176\u8a9e\u97f3\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u904b\u7528\u6bcd\u8a9e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u7fd2\u6bcd\u8a9e\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u5f88\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6709\u807d\u3001\u8b1b\u5e38\u7528\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u5916\u8a9e\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b78\u7fd2\u5916\u8a9e\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u7d20\u4e00\u4f75\u4f7f\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u6bd4\u8f03\u6982\u62ec\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u5b83\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8a9e\u7d20\u4e00\u4f75\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u8f03\u70ba\u660e\u78ba\u3002\u73fe\u4ee5\u5e7c\u5152\u7259\u7259\u5b78\u8a9e\u6642\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u7d93\u904e\u7684\u5169\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u968e\u6bb5\u4e00\uff0c\u5e7c\u5152\u53ea\u61c2\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u5982 {\u5abd\u5abd}\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u8aaa {\u5abd\u5abd} \u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u548c\u5abd\u5abd\u6253\u62db\u547c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u5abd\u5abd\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d77\u73a9\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u968e\u6bb5\u4e8c\uff0c\u5e7c\u5152\u61c2\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u5169\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5982 {\u5abd\u5abd\u62b1}\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u61c2\u5f97\u8aaa {\u5abd\u5abd\u62b1} \u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5df2\u9032\u5165\u904b\u7528\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u3002{\u5abd\u5abd\u62b1} \u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u2018\u6211\u8981\u5abd\u5abd\u62b1\u2019\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u601d\u6bd4\u5149\u8aaa {\u5abd\u5abd} \u8981\u8907\u96dc\u548c\u660e\u78ba\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u591a\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\u4e00\u4f75\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u8a5e\u3001\u8a5e\u7d44\/\u77ed\u8a9e\u3001\u5b50\u53e5\u3001\u53e5\u7b49\u8a9e\u6cd5\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u55ae\u4f4d\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u7b26\u5408\u7d04\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e3\u8a9e\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u7d44\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u8868\u9054\u2018\u661f\u671f\u5929\u2019\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6f22\u8a9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa {\u661f\u671f\u5929}\u3001{\u661f\u671f\u65e5}\u3001{\u79ae\u62dc\u5929}\u3001{\u79ae\u62dc\u65e5}\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u6210 *{\u5929\u661f\u671f}\u3001*{\u65e5\u661f\u671f}\u3001*{\u5929\u79ae\u62dc}\u3001\u6216 *{\u65e5\u79ae\u62dc}\uff1b[1]<\/a> \u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f {Sunday}\u3001{Sundays}\u3001{on Sunday} \u6216 {on Sundays}\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u6210*{Daysun}\u3001*{Daysuns}\u3001*{Sunday on} \u6216 *{Sundays on}\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u8981\u8868\u9054\u2018\u6211\u661f\u671f\u5929\u8981\u4e0a\u73ed\u2019\u9019\u500b\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6f22\u8a9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa {\u6211\u661f\u671f\u5929\u8981\u4e0a\u73ed} \u6216 {\u661f\u671f\u5929\u6211\u8981\u4e0a\u73ed}\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u6210 *{\u6211\u8981\u4e0a\u73ed\u661f\u671f\u5929}\uff1b\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f {I have to work on Sunday}\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u6f22\u8a9e\u822c\u8aaa\u6210 *{I on Sunday have to work}\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

{\u6211\u661f\u671f\u5929\u8981\u4e0a\u73ed} \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u9817\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u53e5\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8b8a\u63db\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u6216\u8a9e\u7d20\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9020\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u901a\u904e\u904b\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u548c\u53e5\u5f0f\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> * \u865f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3       \u53e3\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e3\u8a9e\u4e0d\u65b7\u5728\u6f14\u8b8a<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e3\u8a9e\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7531\u76f8\u7576\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u7d44\u5408\u898f\u5247\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u7528\u4e2d\u570b\u8c61\u68cb\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u8a9e\u7d20\u5c31\u50cf\u68cb\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0d\u540c\u68cb\u5b50\u7684\u8d70\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u6e90\u9060\u6d41\u9577\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u65b7\u5728\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e3\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7d71\u4eca\u5929\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u5468\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u770b\u5230\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u5206\u5225\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8ddf\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u5225\u3002\u6642\u9593\u76f8\u9694\u8d8a\u9577\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e3\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7d71\u6f14\u8b8a\u6642\uff0c\u8a9e\u7d20\u6578\u91cf\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u589e\u6e1b\u5916\uff0c\u8a9e\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u97f3\u548c\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u589e\u6e1b\u66f4\u66ff<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u6578\u4ee5\u5343\u8a08\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e3\u8a9e\u6210\u719f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6703\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5dee\u5225\u4e0d\u6703\u592a\u5927\u3002\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u589e\u6e1b\u66f4\u66ff\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u4ee4\u5230\u4eba\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u8a9e\u7d20\u6703\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u8a9e\u7d20\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u99ac\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u6c7d\u8eca\u3001\u706b\u8eca\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u99ac\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u99ac\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 {\u9a02} \u548c {\u9a36}\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u65e5\u76ca\u767c\u9054\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u767c\u660e\u548c\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e00\u822c\u6703\u7528\u5169\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a{\u98db\u6a5f}\u3001{\u96fb\u8a71}\u3001 {\u6f5b\u6c34\u8247}\u3001{\u9589\u8def\u96fb\u8996}\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7a31\u70ba {oxygen}\u3001{hydrogen}\u3001{nitrogen} \u548c {chlorine} \u9019\u56db\u7a2e\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u6f22\u8a9e\u6700\u521d\u4ea6\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u5206\u5225\u610f\u8b6f\u6210 {\u990a\u6c23}\u3001{\u8f15\u6c23}\u3001{\u6de1\u6c23}\u548c {\u7da0\u6c23}\u3002\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7528\u610f\u8b6f\u6cd5\u5f88\u96e3\u4e00\u4e00\u61c9\u4ed8\uff0c\u6539\u7528\u97f3\u8b6f\u6703\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6f22\u8a9e\u5c31\u7528\u97f3\u8b6f\u6cd5\u65b0\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u8868\u793a\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 {\u6c1f}\u3001{\u6c2c}\u3001{\u6c28}\u3001{\u6c2a}\u3001{\u6c26}\u7b49\u3002{\u990a\u6c23}\u3001{\u8f15\u6c23}\u3001{\u6de1\u6c23} \u548c {\u7da0\u6c23} \u4e2d\u7684 {\u990a}\u3001{\u8f15}\u3001{\u6de1} \u548c {\u7da0}\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u6279\u8a9e\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u86fb\u8b8a\u6210\u56db\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff1a{\u6c27}\u3001{\u6c2b}\u3001{\u6c2e}\u548c {\u6c2f}\u3002\u5fc5\u9808\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u6f22\u8a9e\u6cbf\u7528\u5169\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u9060\u6bd4\u9444\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u666e\u904d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e4\u4ee3\u6f22\u8a9e\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6f22\u8a9e\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u6703\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u53e4\u4eba\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u670b\u81ea\u9060\u65b9\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea6\u6a02\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8a71\u6703\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u670b\u53cb\u5f9e\u9060\u65b9\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u55ce\uff1f\u201d\u6bd4\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u53e5\u8a71\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u5dee\u5225\u662f\uff1a{\u670b} \u8b8a\u6210 {\u670b\u53cb}\uff0c{\u81ea} \u8b8a\u6210 {\u5f9e}\uff0c{\u4ea6} \u8b8a\u6210 {\u662f}\uff0c{\u6a02} \u8b8a\u6210 {\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208}\uff0c{\u4e4e} \u8b8a\u6210 {\u55ce}\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u6642\u4ee3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u540c\u6a23\u610f\u601d\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u97f3\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u97f3\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u8981\u5927\u3002\u5169\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u6642\u9593\u8d8a\u9577\uff0c\u8b8a\u5316\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u7684\u6fc1\u585e\u97f3\u8072\u6bcd [b]\u3001[d]\u3001[g] \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e8c\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8a71\u548c\u5ee3\u5dde\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u7531\u6fc1\u97f3\u8b8a\u6210\u6e05\u97f3\uff1a[b] \u591a\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210 [ph<\/sup>] \u6216 [p]\uff1b[d] \u591a\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210 [th<\/sup>] \u6216 [t]\uff1b[g] \u5728\u666e\u901a\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210 [t\u00e7h<\/sup>] \u6216 [t\u00e7]\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u8b8a\u6210 [k]\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5ee3\u5dde\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u591a\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210 [kh<\/sup>] \u6216 [k]\u3002\u8acb\u770b\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u88681.5  \u4e0a\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u6fc1\u585e\u97f3\u8072\u6bcd [b]\u3001[d]\u3001[g] \u7684\u6f14\u8b8a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> \u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u8b80\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u6839\u64da\u738b\u529b\u7de8\u5beb\u7684\u300a\u540c\u6e90\u5b57\u5178\u300b(\u5317\u4eac\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928\uff0c1999\u5e74)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u518d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u7684\u97fb\u5c3e [m]\u3001[p]\u3001[t] \u548c [k] \u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u8a31\u591a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8a71\u4e2d\u90fd\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5ee3\u5dde\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u8457\u3002\u8acb\u770b\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u88681.6  \u4e0a\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u97fb\u5c3e [m]\u3001[p]\u3001[t]\u3001[k] \u7684\u6f14\u8b8a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6ce8\u8173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u97f3\u6f14\u8b8a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u7701\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a9e\u7d20 {\u5bb6}\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u8b80 [ka]\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u666e\u901a\u8a71\u4e2d\u8b80 [t\u00e7ia55<\/sup>]\u3002\u539f\u672c\u7684 [k] \u97f3\u5c6c\u5f8c\u984e\u585e\u97f3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u4e86\u5f8c\u9762\u524d\u5143\u97f3 [i] \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c[k] \u97f3\u524d\u79fb\uff0c\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u524d\u984e\u585e\u64e6\u97f3 [t\u00e7]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6c92\u6709\u8a9e\u97f3\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u90a3\u9ebc\u5927\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u8a9e\u7d20\u7684\u884d\u751f\u8a9e\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6703\u96a8\u7740\u6642\u9593\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 {\u5929}\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u2018\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u7a7a\u2019\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u8a9e\u7d20\u8207\u5b83\u642d\u914d\u5f8c\uff0c\u884d\u751f\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u8f03\u751f\u50fb\u7684\u8a9e\u7d20\u5982 {\u8006}\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u2018\u5e74\u8001\u2019\uff0c\u884d\u751f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e26\u4e0d\u591a\uff1b{\u8006} \u591a\u548c {\u82f1} \u6216 {\u5e74} \u4e00\u4f75\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u542b\u8912\u7fa9\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u642d\u914d\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.4 \u53e3\u8a9e\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Views: 183<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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